Snow tires; Snow fence
A snow fence is a structure used to force drifting of snow to occur in a predictable place, rather than in a more natural method. Snow fences are primarily employed to minimize the amount of snow drifting onto roadways. In rural areas, farmers and ranchers may use temporary snow fences to create large drifts in basins for a ready supply of water in the spring.
Snow fences are also used in avalanche control.
A typical style of temporary snow fence seen in North America today is often one of two varieties: orange plastic attached to stakes at regular intervals or a cedar or other lightweight woodstrip and wire fence, also attached to metal stakes. A permanent snow fence is generally of larger wooden poles set deeply into the ground with large wooden planks running vertically across them. A permanent snow fence is built when a roadway is subject to predictable snow and wind patterns each winter, usually in mountain passes.
The drifting of snow behind a fence follows the laws of physics as the pressure on the downwind side is less than that on the windward side, allowing light materials such as snow or leaves to settle there.
Campbell, E. (March 1975). Snowdrift Structures. Avalanche Protection in Switzerland (pp. 103-116). Fort Collins CO: General Technical Report RM-9, USDA-Forest Service.
Mears, A.I. (1992). Avalanche Structural Protection in: Snow - Avalanche Hazard Analysis for Land - Use Planning and Engineering. Denver CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Bulletin 49.
Best winter tires; Whitewall tire
Whitewall tires are tires that have a stripe of white rubber on the outer sidewalls. The early tires were made with rubber that is naturally white. However, the white rubber did not offer sufficient traction and endurance so carbon black was added to the rubber used for the treads. This resulted in tires with both sidewalls of white rubber. Next came the tires built with all black rubber and white rubber was added to make the whitewalls. The original whitewalls featured an entirely white sidewall. Modern whitewall tires often have a thin white stripe, or white raised lettering identifying the tire manufacturer and tire model.
Such tires were made with a full strip of white rubber under the black. The raised white letters were revealed by buffing the cured tire sidewall.
The black covering strip was made of Neoprene (polychloroprene) to avoid staining.
Classic vehicles have usually been optioned with wide whitewalls - it was popular during the pre and post-war era, only to resurface in the 1970s as a limousine trademark and within the pimpmobile culture. Although wide whitewalls are rare on modern automobiles, they are still manufactured by specialty outlets and/or classic car restoration companies such as Diamond Back Classics, Coker Tire and Vogue Tyre Company. Some companies manufacture wide whitewall inserts - the Portawall inserts are usually sold through VW Beetle restoration companies. (Port-A-Walls should not be used with radial tires due to the flexing of the sidewall that creates friction and rubbing between the port-a-wall and the tire )
Wide Whitewalls were popular on classic cars produced 1961 and earlier, lowrider and Cadillacs. Beginning with the 1962 Chevrolet Impala SS the whitewalls were reduced to 1″ wide with black between the rim and the whitewall. Modern trends toward more minimal styling, and large rims favoring low-profile tires leave little room for a whitewall. With the introduction of the new “retro”-styled Ford Thunderbird, Chrysler PT Cruiser, and Chevrolet HHR, wide whitewalls are again becoming popular. They are also an avalibale factory option on the Lincoln Town Car.
Other cars with whitewall tires:
Best winter tires; 1976 Winter Paralympics
See also: 1976 Winter Olympics
The 1976 Winter Paralympic Games were the first winter Paralympics. They were held in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. The disabilities included in this paralympics were blindness and amputees. Fourteen countries took part with 250+ athletes.
| Rank | <b>
NPC Name
|
<b>Gold | <b>Silver | <b>Bronze | <b>Total |
| 1 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 27 | |
| 2 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 11 | |
| 3 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 22 |
|
| 4 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 20 | |
| 5 | 5 | 16 | 14 | 35 | |
| 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 10 | |
| 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
| 8 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 | |
| 9 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
Snow tires; Snow fence
A snow fence is a structure used to force drifting of snow to occur in a predictable place, rather than in a more natural method. Snow fences are primarily employed to minimize the amount of snow drifting onto roadways. In rural areas, farmers and ranchers may use temporary snow fences to create large drifts in basins for a ready supply of water in the spring.
Snow fences are also used in avalanche control.
A typical style of temporary snow fence seen in North America today is often one of two varieties: orange plastic attached to stakes at regular intervals or a cedar or other lightweight woodstrip and wire fence, also attached to metal stakes. A permanent snow fence is generally of larger wooden poles set deeply into the ground with large wooden planks running vertically across them. A permanent snow fence is built when a roadway is subject to predictable snow and wind patterns each winter, usually in mountain passes.
The drifting of snow behind a fence follows the laws of physics as the pressure on the downwind side is less than that on the windward side, allowing light materials such as snow or leaves to settle there.
Campbell, E. (March 1975). Snowdrift Structures. Avalanche Protection in Switzerland (pp. 103-116). Fort Collins CO: General Technical Report RM-9, USDA-Forest Service.
Mears, A.I. (1992). Avalanche Structural Protection in: Snow - Avalanche Hazard Analysis for Land - Use Planning and Engineering. Denver CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Bulletin 49.
Snow tires; Snow line
The snow line is the point above which, or poleward of which, snow and ice cover the ground throughout the year.
The interplay of altitude and latitude affect the precise placement of the snow line at a particular location. At or near the equator, it is typically situated at approximately 4,500 meters (or about 15,000 feet) above sea level. As one moves towards the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, the parameter at first increases: in the Himalayas the permanent snow line can be as high as 5,700 metres (18,700 feet). Beyond the Tropics the snow line becomes progressively lower as the latitude increases, falling all the way to sea level itself near the poles.
In addition, the relative location of a mountain to the nearest coastline can be a factor in how high the snow line would be; a peak near a coast — especially the west coast — of a continent might have a lower snow line than one of the same height and at the same latitude situated in a landmass interior, because the average summer temperature of the surrounding lowlands would be warmer in the latter spot than in the former, thus making a higher altitude necessary to keep the snow from melting in the summer.
